Table of Contents

National Small Industries Corporation

• ISO certified organization
• Hyderabad office

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1. What are the different types of boards available in the market and types of communications and sensors.

Boards:

25 boards

Adafruit

RaspberryPi

• RaspberryPi PICO series

  • Dual-core Arm Cortex-M0+ processor
  • 264kB internal RAM
  • Support for up to 16MB of off-chip flash

• RPi 3 Model B

  • Replaced RPi 2 Model B
  • Latest is RPi 3 Model B+
  • Quad Core 1.2GHz Broadcom BCM2837 64bit CPU
  • 1GB RAM
  • BCM43438 wireless LAN and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) on board
  • 100 Base Ethernet
  • 40-pin extended GPIO
  • 4 USB 2 ports
  • 4 Pole stereo output and composite video port
  • Full size HDMI
  • CSI camera port for connecting a Raspberry Pi camera
  • DSI display port for connecting a Raspberry Pi touchscreen display
  • Micro SD port for loading your operating system and storing data
  • Upgraded switched Micro USB power source up to 2.5A

• RPi 3 Model B+

  • 1.4GHz
  • 2.4GHz and 5GHz IEEE 802.11.b/g/n/ac wireless LAN, Bluetooth 4.2, BLE
  • Gigabit Ethernet over USB 2.0 (maximum throughput 300 Mbps)

• RPi 4

  • Broadcom BCM2711, Quad core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC @ 1.8GHz
  • 1GB, 2GB, 4GB or 8GB LPDDR4-3200 SDRAM (depending on model)
  • 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz IEEE 802.11ac wireless, Bluetooth 5.0, BLE
  • Gigabit Ethernet
  • 2 USB 3.0 ports; 2 USB 2.0 ports.

Arduino

• Arduino UNO R3

• 14 Digital I/O pins
• From which 6 analog pins
• 16MHz

Technical specs:

Components	Names
Microcontroller	ATmega328P
Operating Voltage	5V
Input Voltage (recommended)	7-12V
Input Voltage (limit)	6-20V
Digital I/O Pins	14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
PWM Digital I/O Pins	6
Analog Input Pins	6
DC Current per I/O Pin	20 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin	50 mA
Flash Memory	32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
SRAM	2 KB (ATmega328P)
EEPROM	1 KB (ATmega328P)
Clock Speed	16 MHz
LED_BUILTIN	13
Length	68.6 mm
Width	53.4 mm
Weight	25 g

• Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3

• Arduino Leonardo

• Arduino Zero

• MKR 1000 WiFi

• Nano 33 IOT

STM32

Texas Instruments

• MSP430 microcontrollers

ESP32

• 32 bit CPU

• 240MHz

• 320KB RAM

• 4MB Flash(ROM)

• WIFI

  • STA - Station Mode
  • AP - Access Mode

• Bluetooth

• Comparison chart

Communication:

• SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface)

  • Synchronous serial data protocol
  • Short distance
  • 4 Modes(0 - 3)

Master/Slave (OLD)	Controller/Peripheral (NEW)
Master In Slave Out (MISO)	Controller In, Peripheral Out (CIPO)
Master Out Slave In (MOSI)	Controller Out Peripheral In (COPI)
Slave Select pin (SS)	Chip Select Pin (CS)

• UART(Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmittor)

• Baud rate is the number of bits per second (bps) a UART device can transmit/receive.

• Common values for baud rate are 9600, 1200, 2400, 4800 , 19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200 bps.

• I2C(Inter Integrated Circuits)

  • Synchronous

  • 127 devices

  • 2 wire bus

  • Two lines to send and receive data

  • SCL

  • SDA

  • GND

  • VCC

  • Data transfer:

    • Controller to peripheral
      1. Sends start bit
      2. Send device address(7 bit address)
      3. Send Read/Write mode bit
      4. Receives ACK (Acknowledgement) from peripheral
      5. Send data
      6. Receives ACK (Acknowledgement) from peripheral
      7. Sends stop bit

• CAN(Controller Area Network)

  • Serial communication bus
  • Robust and flexible performance in harsh environments
  • Industrial and automotive applications.
  • Originally invented by Bosch and later codified into the ISO11898-1 standard
  • CAN defines the data link and physical layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
  • Providing a low-level networking solution for high-speed in-vehicle communications. * CAN was developed to reduce cable wiring
  • CAN is a CSMA/CD protocol, meaning each node on the bus can detect collisions and back off for a certain amount of time before trying to retransmit.

• Wi-Fi®

  • Radio waves
  • Standard by IEEE called 802.11

• Bluetooth®

  • Low-power radio waves
  • Between 2.400 GHz and 2.483.5 GHz

• Z-Wave®

  • Wireless mesh networking
  • 800 to 900 MHz radio frequency range
  • 232 peripherals

• LORA Communication()

  • Long Range

  • Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) is a group of wireless networks technologies well suited to the specific needs of IoT devices: low-bandwidth and low-power devices, usually battery-powered.

  • LoRa® and its Media Access Control (MAC) layer protocol implementation

  • LoRaWAN®, is currently one of the existing LPWAN gaining the most traction to support IoT devices and services.

• WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)

• Zigbee

  • 10 to 100 meters
  • Low Power Consumption
  • Low Data Rate (20- 250 kbps)
  • Short-Range (75-100 meters)
  • Network Join Time (~ 30 msec)
  • Support Small and Large Networks (up to 65000 devices (Theory); 240 devices (Practically))
  • Low Cost of Products and Cheap Implementation (Open Source Protocol)
  • Extremely low-duty cycle.
  • 3 frequency bands with 27 channels.

• MQTT(Message Queue Telemetry Transport)

  • Standard for IoT Messaging
  • Publish/subcribe model
  • lightweight
  • Scalable
  • Bidirectional communication
  • On top of TCP

• RS-232(Recommended Standard)

  • 1960s
  • Serial communication

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EPIT Research labs

Ardiuno overview:

Surya main

• DHT11: Digital Humidity Temperature 11
  • Pins:
    • Signal
    • VCC
    • Ground
  • 3-5V Power
  • 2.5mA current
  • 0-50 Degree celcius

https://wokwi.com/

https://www.tinkercad.com/

ESP8266 by Espressif

HC05 Bluetooth module

LM35 Temperature

PlatformIO

MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor

Development Frameworks:

• Arduino
• EDF - Espressif Development Framework
• AT Commands
• Micro python

Embedded platform IDEs:

• Arduino IDE
• Platform I/O (VS code extension)

Important to have this Resistor color code chart:

SIM900A SIM Card CommunicationPart 2

NEO-6M GPS Module

L89 NEMA GPS Module

Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning

Rasa Chatbot

Okteto Cloud

Haarcascade